Large-scale test facilities
As the UK's national space laboratory, we occupy a unique and independent position between industry, academia and government. Our facilities are open to everyone on a commercial basis, whether based in the UK or internationally and have EN9100 and ECSS accreditation.
Access to expertise
A dedicated test programme manager will ensure each test programme is able to progress efficiently, working with customers before arrival until the spacecraft safely leaves site. Each test is run by an experienced team, embedded within RAL Space. The department has a deep knowledge of problem solving for space and access to other supporting facilities and services.
Access to facilities
The NSTF offers two large ISO 8 clean rooms alongside a complete suite of test facilities, all of which are situated within a clean environment. Level and step-free floors ensure smooth transitions between testing facilities, and an ISO 9 air lock and unloading bay enable safe delivery of space hardware. One of the ISO 8 large cleanrooms can also be operated at ISO 6 for the duration of a project, if required.
Thermal Vacuum Testing
Our Large Space Test Chamber (LSTC) is a bespoke thermal vacuum chamber consists of a large cylindrical vacuum vessel lined with temperature-controlled panels. From telecommunication satellites to interplanetary landers, the LSTC can replicate a variety of space environments to meet your test requirements.
Large space test chamber
- Dedicated operational team
- 7m diameter, 12m long usable space in ISO 8 class clean room
- 10 thermal zones, allowing 95K to 400K at 1K/min
- Base pressure <1E-5 mbar with a fully redundant primary and secondary pumping
- Ability to conduct tests at low vacuum (1000 to 1mbar) to simulate Mars atmosphere or high altitudes
- Payload DAS channels: 900 x T-type TC, 96 x 4-wire PT100, 48 x 0-60V, 48 x 0-20mA
- Preparation and Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) space available together with UPS/ generator
- MGSE to rotate the satellite from vertical to horizontal for loading into the chamber
- Access platform (if needed) around the satellite compatible with vacuum
- 120 DC power supply connections (0-60V & 0-10A)
- RGA and TQCM available
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Antenna Measurement Testing
Operated, maintained and developed by a team of test engineers with a range of experience covering EMC testing, near-field antenna measurements and working with space hardware, the Electromagnetics Suite carries out electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing and antenna measurements of satellites. The team are supported by quality management practices to ensure that equipment is calibrated, processes are followed, and the quality of measurements and results are maintained.
Anechoic Chamber
Our large (18m x 18m x 14m high) shielded, anechoic chamber is designed to accommodate satellites and payloads up to 7,000kg. This provides the electrically isolated environment in which EMC tests can be carried out safely and accurately.
The chamber houses a large planar near-field antenna measurement system. Our team will help you evaluate the outputs from your satellite and validate its antenna performance over a wide frequency range using a near-field planar scanner – ideal for measuring the performance of antennas used for communications between the satellite and ground stations.
This chamber provides a clean environment, both physically and electrically, so that a satellite’s electromagnetic characteristics can be accurately measured:
- Shielded and isolated
- Powered from filtered, isolating transformers
- Connected to a separate clean earth that can be disconnected from the general protective earth of the building
- Filtered data connections
- Anechoic chamber walls and ceilings lined with absorbing material, pyramidal foam tiles, to prevent reflections of electromagnetic signals. And movable absorber tiles that we can use to cover the floor of the chamber.
- ISO8 clean room
- Electrostatic discharge controlled
Antenna Measurement
- A vertical planar near-field scanner, 12m by 12m, suitable for measuring higher gain antennas up to several metres in diameter
- Four axis system including active Z-axis control to achieve the required X-Y scan planarity and probe rotation to include cross-polarisation measurements
- Probes and standard gain horns for measurement frequencies from 500 MHz to 75 GHz in linear or circular polarisations
- Commercial software to acquire the near-field data, convert to the far-field, extract beam parameters and produce plots, etc.
- Includes a payload test suite for antenna equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), saturated flux density (SFD), gain to noise temperature (G/T), etc. measurements
The antenna measurement system has been validated using the industry standard validation antenna standards (VAST) antennas developed by Denmark Technical University and the European Space Agency (ESA). These have provided us with 18-term error budgets for the system with accuracies of ±0.2 dB on peak gain measurements.
We have our own versions of the VAST that have been characterised during the system validation. These are used for regular re-validation and training.
EMC Testing
Our EMC test capabilities include:
- Conducted Susceptibility
- Conducted Emissions
- E-Field Radiated Susceptibility (up to 40 GHz)
- E-Field Radiated Emissions (up to 40 GHz)
- ESD and Transient testing
Test Standards
We will usually follow the EMC Test standard ECSS-E-ST-20-07C for the tests listed above, with the ability to tailor tests to customer requirements or optionally follow the relevant sections of MIL-STD-461G.
Auto-compatibility and passive intermodulation testing
With our shielded anechoic chamber and our high-power wall and associated safety systems we can support customer-led satellite auto-compatibility and passive intermodulation (PIM) testing.
Our four high-power wall modules provide a total reconfigurable area of 2.4m x 2.4m with a maximum power handling capability of 3 W/cm2. We will look for hot-spots using a thermal camera and, if required, operate the facility with a reduced oxygen content to prevent combustion of absorber material.
The facility includes a separate 78m2 shielded room adjacent to the main chamber, dedicated to customer electrical ground support equipment (EGSE). This has feedthrough panels and tunnels for cabling to the test item and includes single and three-phase power supplies.
Dynamics Testing
Large-scale capabilities in acoustic, vibration and shock, and mass properties testing is provided by the Dynamics team. The team supports customers to understand the dynamic behaviour of satellites in response to a wide range of stimuli to replicate its complete journey to orbit. Digital models that predict behaviour can be validated with physical testing under a range of conditions enabling complete characterisation of its dynamic behaviour.
Acoustic testing
The acoustic test facility is able to provide the qualification test level for most current launchers. The facility uses a direct field acoustic noise (DFAN) system which surrounds the test item with loudspeakers.
- In the default configuration test items may be up to 4m diameter and 5.5m high with the ability to extend beyond this size using additional rented elements.
- There is no lower size limit
- Flexible and modular arrangement simulates a wide variety of test conditions appropriate to the specific test article
- Up to 24 independent microphone control channels
- Sound pressure level typically up to 147dB
- ISO8 clean room conditions (with temperature and humidity control)
Mass properties
Measurement of the mass properties of satellites is an important test needed to confirm its mass and coordinates of its centre of mass, moments of inertia and products of inertia. This facility is used to measure a satellite’s mass properties to ensure that it is consistent with its design parameters. The facility uses a Resonic 6000F machine, a novel resonant mass system which measures properties by very low level and low displacement vibration in a single test item orientation.
Physical properties facility
- Test item mass from 400kg to over 6000kg.
- Centre of mass measured typically to within 2mm laterally and 5mm vertiaclly depending on test item geometry
- Moments of inertia
- Products of moments of inertia
- ISO8 clean room conditions (with temperature and humidity control)
Vibration and shock deployment testing
The vibration test facility is able to vibrate satellites in three axes over a typical frequency range and levels for large satellite qualification. The facility is designed to provide the high overturning moment resistance necessary to test large heavy satellites of the order of 5m height and 6 tonnes mass at relatively low g levels. Smaller slip table and head expander options are provided to allow higher g levels to be obtained with sub 1 tonne test items.
Vibration testing
- Separate vertical and horizontal vibration facilities, both with large, guided interface areas to accommodate large and heavy test articles
- 222 kN sine force, 76 mm stroke 5 to 2,000 Hz frequency range
- Solid state power amplifier with soft shutdown
- 64 control channels with additional virtual (maths) channels
- Multi-channel force measuring devices for force and moment limited vibration tests
- ISO8 clean room conditions (with temperature and humidity control)
Shock and deployment testing
- Instrumentation to support full-scale separation and deployment tests
- Clamp band release tests
- High speed video, 3 cameras
Data acquisition and support
- 512 channel data acquisition system supporting the complete dynamics test suite
- A large stock of accelerometers for rental to test customers
- High speed video with 3 cameras and a digital image correlation system
Our capabilities
Decades of experience across assembly, integration and test of space hardware
RAL Space brings together experienced engineers, controlled procedures and dedicated facilities to integrate complex instruments and subsystems, verify performance and providing evidence for mission readiness.
Interested in using our facilities?
Get in touch with our teams about how we can support your next test campaign.